USDA estimates China’s marketing year (MY) 2024/25 cotton production at 30.0 million 480- pound bales up 1.8 million bales or 6 percent from last month, almost 10 percent or 2.7 million bales from last year, and 6 percent from the 5-year average of 28.2 million bales. Area is estimated at 2.9 million hectares (mha), up almost 2 percent from last month and last year, but down 4 percent from the 5-year average of 3.02 mha. Yield is estimated at a record 2,252 kilograms per hectare (kg/ha), up 5 percent from last month, 8 percent from last year and 11 percent from the 5-year average of 2,034 kg/ha. Yield is significantly above the long-term trend as cotton area has shifted to the highly mechanized Xinjiang province, where yield is nearly double that of elsewhere in the country. Over 90 percent of China cotton is now produced in Xinjiang province. According to the Xinjiang Provincial Statistics Department, approximately 41 percent of cotton is produced by Xinjiang Production and Construction Engineering Corp and 59 percent is produced by the Local Cooperative System. (For more information, please contact Dath.Mita@usda.gov.)